India – China Relations | Panchsheel, Border Disputes, Post Cold War, | For Undergraduates | Detail

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Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai visited India in June 1954 and Prime Minister Nehru visited China in October 1954. Premier Zhou Enlai again visited India in January 1957 and in April 1960.
The Sino-Indian conflict, which took place from October 20 in 1962 led to a serious setback in bilateral relations. India and China restored ambassadorial relations in August 1976.

Panchsheel Agreement
The Panchsheel Agreement served as the foundation for India-China relations. It would advance economic and security cooperation between the two nations. The implied assumption of the Fiver Principles was that newly independent states after decolonisation would develop a more pragmatic approach towards international relations.

The Five Principles of the Panchsheel Agreement are as follows:

Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty,
Mutual non-aggression
Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs,
Equality and mutual benefit
Peaceful co-existence

The Sino-Indian border dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute over the sovereignty of two relatively large, and several smaller, separated pieces of territory between China and India. The first of the territories, Aksai Chin, is administered by China as part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region and claimed by India as part of the union territory of Ladakh; it is the most uninhabited high-altitude wasteland in the larger regions of Kashmir and Tibet and is crossed by the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, but with some significant pasture lands at the margins.[1] The other disputed territory is south of the McMahon Line, formerly known as the North-East Frontier Agency and now called Arunachal Pradesh. The McMahon Line was part of the 1914 Simla Convention signed between British India and Tibet, without China’s agreement.[2] China disowns the agreement, stating that Tibet was never independent when it signed the Simla Convention.

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